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In recent years, with the global climate change research becoming one of the hot spots for the public and the scientific community, the relationship between soil respiration and atmospheric greenhouse effect has been concerned by soil scientists. The study of soil respiration in foreign countries was conducted earlier and there are many documents. At present, studies on C emissions from forest ecosystems, Tibetan Plateau, and grassland ecosystems have been widely reported in China. However, there are few studies on farmland ecosystems, especially black soil farmland. . The farmland system is a terrestrial ecosystem that is greatly affected by human activities. Affected by long-term fertilization, it will inevitably cause changes in the structure and activity of microbial communities in the soil, and thus affect the conversion of soil organic carbon and CO2 emissions. Exploring the soil respiration of farmland system and accurately measuring the CO2 emission have important guiding significance for revealing the causes of atmospheric/missing carbon 0 production and finding countermeasures and measures to reduce the carbon decomposition of soil organic machinery. Therefore, studying the response mechanisms of soil respiration to long-term fertilization will provide important theoretical support for a deep understanding of soil respiration in cropland systems.
The effects of long-term fertilization on the seasonal changes of soil respiration were different due to different conditions such as crop growth stage, climatic conditions, soil types, farming systems, fertilization methods, and water management. In this study, the main factors affecting seasonal changes in soil respiration were fertilization, corn growth, and climatic conditions. From the change of soil respiration rate during the growth of corn, it can be seen that the soil respiration rate is consistent with the growth and development of maize, first with maize growth, reaching a maximum at a certain period, and then decreasing with the aging of corn. This is mainly due to the fact that during the growth of corn, the material basis of soil respiration is derived from the assimilation of the root system of the maize to the assimilation product of the underground. When the corn is transferred to the roots of assimilation products, the underground respiration is also strong. Most of the mineral nutrients and water needed for plant growth are absorbed by the roots from the soil, while the root system absorbs nutrients and moisture, which requires the consumption of metabolites. This part of the energy is provided by the assimilation products of the aerial parts of the plants. Therefore, plant growth and soil respiration are coordinated and unified.
Using a sampling box to collect the soil, the study found that, during the growth of corn, in addition to the effects of fertilization, soil respiration was mainly affected by the temperature and the root system of the corn. With the growth of corn, the influence of temperature on soil respiration is getting smaller and smaller, while the maize root system plays a leading role in soil respiration. Compared with NPKOM treatment and NPK treatment, NPK combined with organic fertilizer had better effect on corn growth than NPK, which promoted corn growth, developed root system and increased soil respiration; on the other hand, application of organic fertilizer not only increased potential mineralization in soil. Decomposition of organic carbon content, but also can enhance the strength of soil respiration; application of organic fertilizer can also increase the soil organic carbon mineralization rate constant, accelerate the process of soil respiration, so that the organic nutrients in the soil organic matter cycle to speed up, at any time to meet crop growth The demand for inorganic nutrients can significantly increase the effectiveness of soil nutrients and improve soil fertility. The application of organic fertilizer can not only promote the rapid mineralization of soil organic carbon in some soils, but also allow soil organic matter to accumulate in the soil, increase soil organic matter content, improve soil fertility and improve soil quality.
Application of Sampling Box in Soil Determination for Preservation of Soil Samples
One of the important aspects of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle is soil respiration, which is also the main route by which terrestrial ecosystems return carbon in the form of CO2 to the atmosphere. Soil respiration includes three biological processes, namely soil microbial respiration, plant root respiration and soil animal respiration, and a non-biological process that involves the oxidation and decomposition of carbon-containing minerals. In ecosystems, soil respiration is mainly affected by plant types and The effect of plant growth, fertilization is one of the key measures to increase plant yield, fertilization will inevitably affect plant growth, but reports of the relationship between soil fertility and soil respiration are relatively rare. It is necessary to use the sampling box during the research process.