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Progress in visualized detection and toxicity assessment of heavy metal ions in physics and chemistry
In recent years, the interaction of heavy metals with proteins and enzymes in the human body has raised serious concerns. These metals can cause enzyme inactivation and accumulate in organs, leading to chronic poisoning. Therefore, accurate detection and toxicity assessment of heavy metals are crucial for public health. Traditional methods often rely on large, expensive instruments that are not suitable for on-site or rapid testing.
To address this challenge, researchers at the Micro-Nano Materials and Technology Research Center, Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, have developed an innovative solution: a super-wetting paper chip for visual detection of heavy metal ions. This technology uses inkjet printing to create highly precise super-wetting patterns on paper. Probe molecules are then printed onto these patterns, enabling color-based detection when the chip is exposed to water samples.
The detection process is simple—just place the chip in the sample, and observe the color change to determine the presence of heavy metals. This approach makes on-site analysis more accessible and efficient. In addition, the team introduced a method for assessing heavy metal toxicity using biological enzymes. Since heavy metals inhibit enzyme activity, a colorimetric reaction based on enzymatic activity allows for a quick and effective evaluation of overall toxicity.
To enhance the stability and usability of the enzymes, they were encapsulated within hydrogels. This not only improves the shelf life of the enzymes but also simplifies the detection procedure further. These advancements represent significant progress toward developing portable, user-friendly heavy metal detection kits.
The research, published in *ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces* (2018, 10, 11343–11349; 2018, 10, 26705–26712), was led by He Junhui, a researcher at the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, with Zhang Yue, an assistant researcher, as the first author. The project received strong support from the National Key Research and Development Program (2017YFA0207102) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21571182).
This breakthrough paves the way for more practical and cost-effective solutions in environmental monitoring and public health protection.