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Analysis on the selection of flow control valve design
Heating systems that implement heat metering and charging can significantly save energy and improve overall system efficiency. Currently, the energy efficiency of our heating systems is only about 30%. Most people focus on the boiler and network heat loss, but often overlook the heat loss from users. User-related heat loss, primarily due to uneven heating, accounts for approximately 30–40% of total losses, which is quite significant. Implementing a heat metering system allows us to tap into this potential for energy savings.
The main ways to achieve energy efficiency through metering include: first, installing flow control valves to balance the flow and reduce uneven heating; second, using temperature control valves to utilize free heat from solar energy, appliances, and lighting; third, raising residents’ awareness of energy saving by reducing unnecessary heat loss, such as opening windows. Out of these three methods, two are achieved through flow control valves, highlighting their crucial role in the metering and charging system.
Therefore, the correct selection and design of flow control valves are vital. Thermostatic valves, for instance, are key components used for room temperature regulation. A radiator thermostatic valve consists of a thermostat controller, a flow control valve, and connectors. The thermostat, typically a temperature-sensitive capsule, detects ambient temperature changes and adjusts the valve’s position to regulate water flow and heat dissipation. These valves can be manually adjusted and automatically regulate the indoor temperature based on set points.
There are two types of thermostatic valves: two-way and three-way. Three-way valves are suitable for single-pipe systems with bypasses, offering greater flow control flexibility but at a higher cost and complexity. Two-way valves are used in both two-pipe and single-pipe systems, with different resistance characteristics depending on the application. The temperature sensor is usually integrated into the valve body, or a remote sensor can be used if needed.
In designing thermostatic valves, selecting the appropriate size and KV value is essential. The KV value determines the valve's diameter and performance. It is important not to simply match the valve diameter with the pipe size. Instead, the goal is to ensure optimal working pressure conditions, typically between 2–3 mH₂O, to prevent noise and maintain stable operation. When multiple sizes have the same KV value, smaller calibers are preferred to enhance control performance.
Electric control valves are another critical component, especially in automated systems. Unlike thermostatic valves, they require external power and are often used in unattended thermal stations. They serve as actuators in computer monitoring systems, regulating flow based on real-time data.
Balance valves, whether manual or self-balancing, are also essential. They help adjust system resistance to ensure proper flow distribution, preventing overflows and ensuring that other control devices operate efficiently. Manual balancing valves are fixed once set, while self-balancing valves adjust automatically to maintain flow balance.
Differential pressure regulating valves work similarly to self-balancing valves but do not use an orifice plate. Their function is to maintain a fixed pressure difference across the system, ensuring consistent flow and improving user comfort. However, excessive installation of such valves may not always be necessary, depending on the system design.
Finally, variable-speed circulation pumps and the choice of flow control valves play a key role in optimizing system performance. Manual balance valves provide geometric balance but require frequent adjustments. Self-balancing and differential pressure valves offer more stability, making them suitable for dynamic systems.
In conclusion, the integration of proper flow control devices is essential for achieving efficient and comfortable heating systems. Proper selection and design of these components not only enhance energy efficiency but also improve user experience and system longevity.
References:
Tu Guang-bai, Yuan Zhe-ning, Huang Baomin et al. Heating Metering Technology. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2003.
Cui Xiaoqian, On the Application of the Balance Valve. Proceedings of the 12th Academic Symposium on Thermal Power Construction, Zhengzhou, Beijing, China Construction Industry Press, 1986.
Chen Qiang, male, born in February 1976, engineer, address: Graduate School of Logistics Engineering, People’s Liberation Army, Postal Code: 400016, Tel: (023), Mobile: , E-mail: cq1997.