At present, the production of crude lead is still mainly fire method, the wet method lead is still in the stage of trial or small-scale production, and the crude lead refining has two methods of fire refining and electrolytic refining.
About 80% of the fire smelting lead plants use the sintering roasting-blast furnace to reduce the smelting method. The process flow is shown in the figure below ^[1] .

Since sinter roasting - lead smelting blast furnace smelting reduction method of producing many links exist, long process, return fines and more heat utilization is low, serious environmental pollution and other issues, in metallurgy worker 1980s study the success of a number of new The high-temperature lead smelting method has greatly improved the process of strengthening the industrial refining process, reducing energy consumption and reducing environmental pollution. Among them, the former Soviet Union’s Kufsett method, Germany’s QSL method, and Australia’s Isafa , Caldofa in Sweden and Outokumpu in Finland. China has also conducted industrial tests on the Shuikoushan lead-smelting method. There are common difficulties in these new lead smelting methods. The slag contains high lead, and it is indispensable to build a slag depletion system, which increases the capital investment and operation difficulty and affects their promotion.
The crude lead containing the secret high is generally electrolytically refined. The electrolytic refining of lead uses a silicic acid system with a lead ion concentration of 100 g/L, a total acid of 150 g/L, an electrolysis temperature of 35 to 5090, a current density of 150 to 200 A/m ² , a cell voltage of 0.4 to 0.5 V, and a pole spacing of 80. ~90mm, additive: bovine gum, sodium lignin sulfonate, etc., current efficiency 93%~96%.
references:
1 6 Zhuzhou Smelter. Lead production. Changsha: Hunan People's Publishing House, 1973

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