Mine waterproofing includes several aspects such as dewatering of deposits, surface waterproofing and underground waterproofing.

First, the deposit is dried

It is to artificially discharge water-filled deposits and reduce the groundwater level before mining to ensure safe and normal mining work. The methods of dredging are:

(1) Deep water pump drier method (surface dewatering method): It is to drill large diameter boreholes on the ground in areas that need to be drained, install deep well pumps or deep well submersible pumps to drain the ground and lower the water table. This method is suitable for aquifers with good hydrophobicity and rich water content;

(2) Roadway Dewatering Method: It is a number of dredging roadways arranged by the direction of vertical groundwater flow, and sometimes combined with the hydrophobic drilling hole drilled from the dredging roadway to reduce the groundwater level. As shown in Figure 1, this is an example of such a dewatering method.

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a mine drainage roadway layout

1- ore body; 2-water drain hole; 3-drain roadway; 4-drying raft; 5-DC drain hole;

6- Groundwater inflow direction; 7-groundwater still level

Second, the surface waterproof

Waterproof measures

(1) Effectively understand the hydrogeological conditions of the mine and grasp the seasonal changes of the water flow;

(2) When the river flows directly from the surface of the mining bed, and the river water is connected to the mining area along the underground passage and injected into the underground, the river can be diverted; when the river diversion is not allowed or unreasonable, the flood control can be considered.

(3) The flood control and flood control is to use the dam to intercept the water flow and turn it into a flood reservoir, and to discharge the flood from the drainage flood drainage channel or the flood discharge channel to bring the flood out of the mining area. At the same time, the bottom of the river is repaired with yellow mud, clay , cement mortar, asphalt, etc. to eliminate water leakage.

(4) When the roadway, shaft, and wind shaft are connected to the surface of the surface or the location of the subsidence area is below the high water level of the surface water flow, the flood control is built to block the water flow.

Third, underground waterproof

It is to prevent sudden water inrush and to limit and block groundwater from entering the mine. The measures are:

(1) Set the anti-seepage curtain. That is, a series of drill holes are drilled on the surface or downhole, and the cement material is poured into the holes to diffuse into the cracks and holes of the rock and soil. After the condensation, the cracks and holes are closed, and a ground can be formed to block the groundwater from entering the mine. Curtain. This method can save a lot of drainage costs, can also avoid large-scale slump caused by the dewatering of the deposit, and can also make some deposits that cannot be mined due to the action of groundwater.

(2) Setting waterproof walls and waterproof doors. When the amount of water in a section of the well reaches a short period of time and cannot be discharged by a water pump, so that this section is in danger of being submerged, it is cut off with a waterproof wall or a waterproof door and a water source. The waterproof wall is located at the location where the water is cut off. The waterproof door is located in the roadway that needs to be waterproof, but also transported and pedestrians, such as the underground pump house, the entrance and exit of the substation, and the danger of water inrush but related in production. Between the zones, as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of waterproof wall and waterproof door

(a) waterproof wall; (b) waterproof door

Both the waterproof door and the waterproof wall should be constructed in the strong part of the rock and the rock should be cut with a raft or wind to prevent the original rock from being cracked by the blasting.

(3) Pre-exploring water drilling and water-discharging drilling, there is a gravel layer, a sand-sand layer, and a lime layer with a karst cave. When the accumulated water has great pressure or is connected with a fixed water source, the mining work is very powerful. The drill should be explored ahead of time. Generally, the drill is started at a distance of 70m from the suspected water source. The drill tip is at least 5 to 10m ahead of the working face. The number of holes must have at least one central eye and two eye-shadows at an angle to better the water-seeking effect. The hole diameter of the drain hole should be no more than 75mm, so that it can be easily controlled when it meets the water.

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