Special servo motor and its driver

This lecture will introduce you to the latest application of several special servo motors and their drivers: linear motors and their drives, piezoelectric ceramic motors and their drives. As emerging drivers, they have broad applications and development prospects. 1 Linear motors and their drives Linear motors are novel motors that convert electrical energy directly into linear motion without passing through any intermediate switching mechanism. Linear motion devices and systems driven by linear motors have the advantages of simple structure, reliable operation, convenient control and high degree of intelligence. At present, research and application of linear motors and their drive devices and systems are being strengthened worldwide, such as magnetic levitation trains, magnetic pontoon boats, various flow production lines, driving parts of various manufacturing equipment, feed mechanisms, and disk reading devices. , printers, automatic doors, military missiles and other aspects. In CNC machine tools, the fast feed system driven by the linear motor eliminates all intermediate transmission links between the source power and the workbench components, making the length of the machine tool feed chain zero, and solving the large volume brought by the transmission mechanism. Low efficiency, poor accuracy and other issues. The XY table driven by a linear motor not only realizes high-speed and high-precision motions, but also has a positioning accuracy of ±2 μm. It is also small and lightweight, which greatly reduces the overall device's size and weight. The principle of a linear motor is similar to that of a rotary motor. Linear motors can be thought of as having a rotary motor cut radially and deployed circumferentially. The side that is converted from the stator is called the primary or primary side, and the side that is transformed from the rotor is called the secondary or secondary side. In order to ensure the required range of travel, the coupling between primary and secondary can remain unchanged, and the actual application of the linear motor primary and secondary made of different lengths. AC linear motors are similar to AC rotating motors. When three-phase symmetrical AC currents are passed in, a magnetic field is generated in the air gap. If the end effect of both ends of the core is not considered, the magnetic field is sinusoidal in the straight direction, except that the magnetic field follows the three phases. The change in current is translated rather than rotated, so it is called a traveling wave magnetic field. Electromagnetic thrust is generated when the traveling magnetic field interacts with the secondary. Under this thrust, if the primary is fixed, then the secondary moves in a straight line in the direction of the traveling wave magnetic field. Linear motors can be classified into four types: flat, cylindrical (or tubular), disc-shaped, and arc-shaped. According to the working principle can be divided into: linear DC motor, linear induction motor (referred to as LIM), AC linear synchronous motor (LSM), linear stepper motor (LPM), linear piezoelectric motor and linear reluctance motor. According to the purpose of function can be divided into: force motor, work motor and energy motor. The method of driving various linear motors is the same as the corresponding rotary motor. Linear motors are often combined directly with a moving body to form a linear drive or system. The most common is a linear motor platform. Such as the United States BAYSIDE Sports Group Micro L and LUGE series linear motor platform. The Micro L series uses an iron-based, brushless linear motor design that can provide up to 4g of acceleration and 3m/s speed. The reciprocating guide rails provide great movement load carrying capacity, and the integrated high-precision non-contact scale provides position feedback with high repeatability of positioning accuracy. Its stroke is up to 1m and can be configured in multiple axes. The maximum thrust of the linear motor is 115N and the continuous thrust is 40N. Platform repeatability accuracy of ±2μm, precision 10 ~ 12μm. The LUGE series uses the AtuoFlex Preload patented technology and is the perfect combination of a linear motor and a platform base. According to different applications, it can be divided into three types: High-speed type can provide acceleration of up to 6g and speed of up to 3m/s: High-precision type can provide 0.2μm or 1μm repeatability positioning accuracy, ±1μm or ±2μm positioning accuracy (Note : The actual performance depends on the installation, test methods and servo parameters): Core type can provide acceleration of up to 7g and speed of up to 4m/s while sacrificing accuracy, achieving repeatability positioning accuracy of 4μm or 2μm, positioning accuracy of ±5μm . 2 Piezoelectric Motors and Their Piezoelectric Ceramics Piezoelectric motors are developed based on the principle of generating ultrasonic standing waves by piezoelectric phenomena. They are used in the field of precision motors for motion control, also called ultrasonic motors. Similar to DC motors, they have high resolution and dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric actuators. The motor operates without internal magnetic fields and moving parts. It has a compact structure and unlimited travel. It can achieve precision that cannot be matched by linear and rotary motors. Piezoelectric motors can be used in semiconductor equipment, flat platform equipment, optical fiber dynamic element manufacturing, storage media manufacturing and testing equipment, biopharmaceuticals and pharmaceuticals, metrology and ultra-high-precision micro-numerical control from the general environment to the ultra-high vacuum environment Equipment.

Figure 1 Piezoelectric motor working principle


HR2


HR3
HR4 Figure 2 HR Series Ceramic Motor
Figure 3 AB1A drive piezoelectric ceramic motor working principle shown in Figure 1. After the driving voltage is input to the ceramic motor, the piezoceramic generates a piezoelectric phenomenon. Simultaneously, the longitudinal extension and lateral bending modes of excitation generate two-dimensional sound waves in the narrow elliptic channels of the ceramic fingertips, pressing against a ceramic strip. Ceramic fingertips produce a driving force that drives a ceramic strip in contact with it to move a straight or rotating platform to produce motion. When there is no driving voltage, the ceramic fingertip pressure on the ceramic strip maintains a holding torque on the moving device without displacement and hysteresis. The motion control system of a productized piezoelectric ceramic motor (such as Israel Nanomotion Piezoelectric Motor) has the following functions and features: (1) Accurate positioning, resolution up to 1μm, accuracy of 10nm: (2) smooth motion, minimum 10μm /s, maximum 250mm/s: (3) standard response time is 50 ~ 75μs: (4) setting time is obviously better than general servo motor, taking 0.1μm resolution as an example, only 1 ~ 2ms, for the general servo motor 1/10: (5) There is no problem with the wobble of the general servo motor after positioning: (6) Light weight and small volume: (7) No limitation on the stroke. Nanomotion piezoelectric ceramic motors include HR, LS, STM three series. The HR series (high resolution series, Figure 2) can drive linear or rotary platforms with a wide range of speeds ranging from a few μm to 250 mm per second and can be easily mounted to conventional low-friction platforms or other devices. Has the unique ability to brake and eliminate high frequency servo vibrations at rest. The series has four configurations of single head (providing 4N thrust), 2 heads, 4 heads, and 8 heads (providing 32N thrust) with a step resolution of 100 nm. LS series (low-speed series high resolution) There are three configurations of 2 heads, 4 heads to 8 heads. It is possible to repeat steps and provide a stable resolution with zero servo vibration during positioning. Step resolution exceeds 20nm. The STM series (special low-volume series) is the smallest in its class. In the small space of the traditional mechanism, it can provide high-resolution motion control for linear or rotating devices, suitable for small stepping movements. The series of step increments within 10nm, the working speed up to 250mm / s. Both the driving force and retention force are 1N, and the dynamic speed control range is 1μm/s to 250mm/s. Piezoelectric motors must use dedicated amplifiers. With the AB1A single-axis drive amplifier (Figure 3) it is possible to drive one or more Nanomotion motors in parallel. When operating in a closed-loop servo system, the driver operates as a speed amplifier. It receives ±10V analog commands from the controller and converts the controller signal into an AC voltage to drive the motor at 39.6kHz. When operating in an open loop mode, the amplifier can receive signals from an external handle to provide continuous or step mode motion. Nanomotion Piezoelectric motors can be used with most standard positioning platforms and servo controllers. For example, using PMAC from Deltata U.S. as a servo controller, BAYSIDE can be used as a platform for the combination of Nanomotion and photonics applications to form a highly coordinated and reliable high-precision motion control system. In addition, it can also be applied to different aspects such as microscope platform, detection instrument, plotter, robot and automatic control.

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Below image as a reference:

car blanket

Car Blanket

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