Introduction: Compressors have a wide range of applications and are sometimes referred to as general machinery. Since the development of petrochemical industry in the 1970s, special-purpose compressors have been formed, such as dedicated compressors for chemical fertilizers and “three machines” for the ethylene industry. The special chemical compressors also include traditional chemical compressors, such as chlorine compressors, special rare gas compressors, etc. These compressors usually have special requirements for the adaptability of materials, seals, processes, and especially real gases.
In general, the current supply and demand situation of domestic compressor products is that the production capacity of general power reciprocating piston compressors and micro-compressor products is greater than that of the market. The rapid development of micro-compressors mainly depends on export-oriented production. Although the mode and process compressors have developed rapidly, there is still a certain gap between the technological level and manufacturing capacity, especially in terms of product performance stability and reliability, and they cannot fully meet the requirements of the national key projects. need. During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, the increasing domestic production of complete sets of equipment in the major fields of petrochemical industry, chemical industry, coal-electricity oil industry, light textile industry, and metallurgy industry has provided a huge business opportunity for the development of China's compressor industry. In particular, it is pointed out that many major planning projects, such as “11th Five-Year Plan” period, should expedite the development of nuclear power and build more than 20 nuclear power stations. This undoubtedly also provides the compressor industry with a broad range of business opportunities and also for compressors. The industry has provided unprecedented opportunities for accelerating the quality of compressors and surpassing world standards. It is expected that the total demand for large and medium-sized compressors during the “11th and 5th” period will be larger than the demand during the “9th and 5th” and “10th and 5th” years, especially for ultra-large and special process compressors. .
Prediction of demand for petrochemical industry compressors Ethylene industry In 2005, China’s total ethylene demand is expected to reach 10 million tons. If the domestic self-sufficiency rate is calculated at 60%, the annual production capacity will increase by 2.57 million tons during the “10th five-year plan” period. The state plans to use foreign capital or through joint ventures to establish new large-scale ethylene projects in Yangzi, Fujian, and Tianjin with an annual output of 600,000 tons and Shanghai produces 650,000 tons of large-scale ethylene projects. At the same time, the existing large and medium-sized ethylene projects in Yanshan, Yangtze, Shanghai, Qilu, Maoming, etc. Renovation, expansion of production scale, increase of product variety, and improvement of product quality. At present, most of the ethylene plants in China are imported in complete sets, and the equipment has high prices, resulting in high production costs. In the face of fierce international competition, China's ethylene production enterprises have to take various measures to reduce production costs, including increasing the localization rate of equipment in the ethylene engineering transformation, which provides a rare market opportunity for the compressor industry.
Refining industry Refining and chemical industries are generally integrated internationally. If the 400,000-ton/year ethylene plant is integrated with the 7.5-million-ton/year oil refinery, the annual production cost can be reduced by 25 to 35 million US dollars, and the total cost of ethylene per ton can be reduced by 50 to 125 dollars. During the “10th Five-Year Plan” period, China’s newly-built large-scale ethylene plants in Yangtze, Fujian, Tianjin, and Shanghai will also need new integrated oil refining facilities. In addition, it will also need to upgrade the existing refineries for hydrogenation. This provides compressor products. market. It is expected that during the “10th Five-Year Plan” period, China will need about 200 reciprocating piston compressors and the annual demand will be 40.
Oil and gas industry In 2005, China's natural gas production will reach 45 to 50 billion cubic meters. The exploitation of natural gas, desert oil, and associated LPG and natural gas, as well as the collection, transportation, storage, and disposal of LPG and natural gas, require natural gas-powered LPG and natural gas compressors. It is expected that during the “10th Five-Year Plan” period, China will need 200 such compressors, which will require 40 units each year; it will also need negative-pressure screw compressors and oil-gas mixed-transmission screw compressors. It is estimated that there will be a total of 200 units and 40 units annually; Gas field and LPG gathering and transportation also require 150 reciprocating piston compressors, requiring 30 units each year. The existing oil and gas fields already have more than 2,000 LPG and natural gas compressors. Some of these compressors have been used for many years. In particular, LPG compressors in the eastern oil fields have entered the replacement period one after another, with an annual turnover of about 160 units.
Fertilizer Industry The main task of the fertilizer industry is to increase the comprehensive competitiveness of products in the market to reduce the impact of foreign fertilizers on the Chinese market. To this end, China must adopt domestically-produced key equipment and build a large number of large-scale fertilizer plants, of which 450 large-scale reciprocating piston compressors are required. In addition, there are 6,000 screw compressors and 100,000 to 200,000 micro-compressors annually.
Compressor Development Goals and Key Points (1) Development Goal The total output value and sales value of the industry's compressor industry are expected to reach RMB 7.6 billion by 2010 (the total output value of the compressor industry in the country is about RMB 16 billion), which was 149% in 2003; Calculated based on the 2003 data, during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, the annual growth rate of the total industrial output value and sales value of the compressor industry was 6%, and the industrial added value increased from 1.09 billion yuan in 2003 to 1.74 billion yuan. The annual growth rate is 13%, and the export value has increased from 270 million yuan in 2003 to 700 million yuan, which has greatly improved the efficiency of the compressor industry. It is expected that the production and sales volume of large and medium-sized compressors will increase from 98,000 units in 2003 to 150,000 units in 2010, of which the process reciprocating piston compressors will increase to an annual output of 2,000 units, and the micro-compressors will have a larger increase. Its output will achieve annual production of more than one million units. It is estimated that the total output value and sales value of the compressor industry will reach 178 billion yuan in 2020 (the total output value of the whole country's compressor industry is expected to be about 36 billion yuan), which is 234% in 2010, and the annual growth rate is about 8%. A large increase of about 3 billion yuan.
(2) Development focus The development of compressor products for key national engineering projects will be focused on, especially for replacing imported products. Focused support and foreign products have a big gap or fill in the gap that can not be produced and manufactured compressor products. Focus on supporting competitive foreign exchange products that have an advantage in price and performance in the international market. Focus on cultivating top-level compressor products with high technological content, mechatronics, and environmental protection performance.
During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, the key product of the industry's key development is the ultra-large reciprocating compressors. Extra large units are the key equipment for large-scale petrochemical projects, and they are also a concentrated expression of the level of compressor technology in a country. After years of development, the manufacturing technology of China's large-scale reciprocating compressors has been greatly improved, and domestic products have been developing on the basis of stable quality in terms of outsize, integrated, and intelligent.

Editor's note: Product reliability, high efficiency, low noise, and low cost compressors are the constant goals pursued by all compressor manufacturers. With the continuous improvement of the overall level of China's industry and the enhancement of comprehensive strength, it can be expected that in the next 5 to 10 years, the technical level of China's large-scale compressors, especially the reciprocating compressors, will advance to the front ranks of the world.

ASME B16.5 has endorsed the design of Long Welding Neck Flange (LWN), which is also known as straight hub welding flange. The LWN Flange is constructed by two sections: the upper section is a heavy-wall barrel, whilst the lower section is a disc-like Plate Flange with all dimensions conforming to ASME B16.5 standard flanges.

Application
The long welding neck flange is mainly applied to the construction of pressure vessel functioning as a nozzle (such as a thermowell nozzle). To attach a common welding neck flange to a pressure vessel, a piece of pipe is required with additional welding. A LWN flange on the other hand attaches directly to the vessel, hence, it can be viewed as an integrally reinforced nozzle. It avoids making a weld seam at pipe to flange and provides self-reinforcement.

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