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Application of Sinusoidal Frequency Converter in Spindle of CNC Machine Tool
**1. Introduction**
Digital Control Machine Tools, commonly known as CNC (Numerical Control) machines, represent a sophisticated integration of mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, microelectronic, and information technologies. These systems have been evolving for over three decades and are widely used in the manufacturing industry. Their key advantages include high precision, increased efficiency, advanced automation, and remarkable flexibility. The technological level of CNC machine tools and their proportion in the total number of metal-cutting machine tools serve as crucial indicators of a country’s economic development and industrial manufacturing capabilities.
Taifeng CNC Machinery Co., Ltd. is a Sino-Taiwan joint venture specializing in the production of CNC machinery. Its numerical control equipment finds applications across various industries. Previously, the company relied on imported frequency converters, but it has gradually transitioned to using the Sine 303 series inverter. This article explores the application of the Sine 303 series inverter in several of the company’s machine tools, including the TFDC7060, TFDC500, and TFDC650 models.
The CNC lathe is designed for use in multiple sectors such as mold making, plastic mold production, footwear manufacturing, watchmaking, eyewear, hardware, trademark production, toy manufacturing, and handicrafts. It can perform face turning, outer diameter machining, grooving, internal hole processing, arcs, and tapering at any angle. The spindle of the lathe is equipped with the Sine 303 series inverter, which enables efficient and precise control of the spindle drive.
**2. Features of the SINE303 Series Inverter**
1. Field-oriented current closed-loop vector control that fully decouples motor variables.
2. Utilizes TI’s latest high-performance 32-bit motor control DSP for fast and accurate execution of complex algorithms—first domestic application.
3. At 0 Hz, the starting torque reaches 150% of the rated output, ensuring strong cutting force at low speeds and heavy-duty machining.
4. Automatic motor parameter identification ensures system stability and accuracy.
5. A wide speed range of 0–600 Hz meets the high-frequency requirements of CNC lathes.
6. Automatically tracks load changes and limits output current to prevent overcurrent or short-circuit faults, even during sudden load changes or rapid acceleration/deceleration. The inverter offers fast response and stable performance at high speeds.
**3. Inverter Wiring Diagram**
**4. Parameter Settings**
**5. Debugging Results**
Practical experience has shown that the SINE303 series high-performance vector inverter fully satisfies the requirements of machine tool spindle control. Its advanced magnetic flux algorithm ensures smooth 150% torque output even at low speeds, meeting the demands of various machining tasks. It can replace traditional rolling bearing spindles, offering a simpler and more compact design that allows for true stepless speed regulation.
The spindle speed is controlled via an external analog signal, enabling different machining processes—such as roughing and finishing—to operate at optimal speeds. The digital control system sends varying analog voltage signals to the inverter, adjusting the speed accordingly. Additionally, the start-stop signal is managed by the numerical control system, enhancing automation and extending tool life.
**6. Conclusion**
Traditionally, CNC machine tool spindles rely on AC servo systems, imported vector control inverters, and specialized motors, all of which come with high costs. The SINE303 series inverter, however, offers unique performance benefits such as low starting current, efficient speed control, broad speed range, energy savings, environmental friendliness, stable operation, high precision, strong low-frequency torque, comprehensive protection functions, high reliability, and ease of maintenance. With its superior cost-performance ratio, the SINE303 series has rapidly gained popularity in CNC machine tool applications.