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The technical approach to developing China's roadheaders and shield machines involves a strategic path of technology introduction, digestion, absorption, and innovation. According to Wang Jianye, the most effective way for China to build its own R&D capabilities is through a combination of foreign technology and independent innovation. He cited examples from Japan and South Korea, emphasizing that the integration of advanced technologies with local innovation is key to forming independent intellectual property and core competitiveness.
Wang explained that many technologies have already been introduced, including cutter head materials, hydraulic transmission systems, electric drive control, steel structure design, welding techniques, and information network technologies. However, the real challenge lies in effectively digesting and absorbing these technologies before moving on to innovation. Unfortunately, in many industries, especially heavy machinery, there has been a tendency to re-introduce and re-innovate without sufficient deep understanding or adaptation.
Experts suggest that the government should play a stronger role in managing the process of technology introduction, digestion, and re-innovation. This includes using state funds to encourage enterprises to invest more in absorbed technologies, reducing the financial burden of importing equipment, and promoting collaboration between research institutions, manufacturers, and users. For major equipment, user units should be involved in the development process to ensure that innovations are tailored to real-world needs.
Wang Mengshu highlighted that tunneling machines and shield machines are not one-size-fits-all devices. They must be designed according to specific geological conditions, requiring close cooperation between civil engineering and mechanical design. He emphasized that construction units should lead the design process, providing necessary parameters and conducting testing and acceptance of the equipment. In the past, Chinese companies often developed machines that did not fully meet project requirements due to a lack of coordination with construction teams.
To accelerate independent innovation, Wang Jianye proposed four policy recommendations: better market management, reforming the standard system, prioritizing domestic procurement for major equipment, and centralizing product technological development under the National Development and Reform Commission. He also stressed the importance of small shields and boring machines, which account for over 80% of usage, and called for their increased application in urban underground infrastructure projects.
China has made significant progress in building a research, design, and manufacturing team for tunneling machines. Experts believe that establishing an independent industrial system for roadheaders is crucial for long-term development, as it will reduce reliance on foreign equipment and drive broader economic growth.
Heavy machinery companies have shown strong potential in this field. Companies like the Second Heavy Machinery Group, Dalian Heavy Industries, and Shenyang Heavy Machinery have made significant strides in production and collaboration with international partners. Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co., Ltd. has become a leader in shield machine development, achieving milestones such as producing China’s first domestically developed metro shield machine with competitive pricing and performance.
Looking ahead, the industry aims to expand into new markets, improve localization, and enhance the intelligence of tunneling equipment. With continued investment and strategic planning, China is well-positioned to establish a robust and self-reliant roadheader and shield machine industry.