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Application and Development of "Vacuum Technology" in Food Industry (1)
**1. Overview**
With the rapid advancement of science and technology, vacuum technology has become increasingly vital in various industries, especially in food processing. Often referred to as a "sunrise industry" of the 21st century, vacuum technology is a multidisciplinary field with wide-ranging applications in transportation, environmental protection, drying, storage, and food processing. It has enabled the development of new techniques and equipment that offer unique advantages and characteristics in modern industrial settings.
The term "vacuum" originates from the Latin word *vacuus*, meaning "empty." In scientific terms, it refers to a space where the gas pressure is significantly lower than atmospheric pressure. Depending on the pressure level, vacuums are classified into different categories. According to China’s national standard GB3163, the vacuum range is divided as follows:
- Low vacuum: 10ⵠto 10² Pa (760 to 1 Torr)
- Medium to low vacuum: 10² to 10â»Â¹ Pa (1 to 10â»Â³ Torr)
- High vacuum: 10â»Â¹ to 10â»âµ Pa (10â»Â³ to 10â»â· Torr)
- Ultra-high vacuum: below 10â»âµ Pa (below 10â»â· Torr)
Currently, vacuum technology is most commonly used in the grain industry within the medium to low vacuum range. It plays a key role in post-harvest processes such as cleaning, drying, storage, transportation, and processing. These applications help increase grain output, maintain or enhance grain quality, and improve overall system efficiency.
**2. Vacuum Handling (Vacuum Handling)**
Vacuum handling involves using the pressure difference between a vacuum and atmospheric conditions to move materials. This method is widely applied in food, flour, and feed industries. A vacuum pump at the end of a conveying system creates a negative pressure inside the pipeline, allowing material to be drawn in along with air from the starting point. The mixture is then transported to a separator, where the material is separated from the air using gravity or centrifugal force. After dust removal via a vacuum pump or fan, the waste is discharged into the atmosphere.
This system is particularly useful for grain handling in the grain industry. It can be installed at ports, silos, or bulk storage sites, making it ideal for transporting grains to ships, trucks, and other vehicles without requiring modifications. It enables long-distance vertical transport, is easy to operate, and offers high efficiency with minimal material loss. Additionally, it operates dust-free, reduces wear on equipment, protects workers from dust exposure, prevents dust explosions, and minimizes environmental pollution.
Vacuum conveying systems have been used since the 1950s, with early examples like vacuum grain suction machines in Shanghai and Changsha. Today, over 1,000 flour mills in China use vacuum transport, with some ports achieving capacities of up to 200 tons per hour. As a promising technology, vacuum transport continues to evolve and expand its applications.
Key advantages include a simple structure, easy installation, low maintenance, and the ability to automate with added control systems. It also allows for continuous feeding, eliminates the need for return transport, and improves working environments by reducing dust. Materials can even be dried or sorted during transport due to the negative pressure environment. Furthermore, the flexible layout of vacuum pipelines makes it adaptable to various site conditions.
However, challenges remain. Vacuum systems require significant power and have limited transport distances. They are not suitable for cohesive or sticky materials, and the system must be airtight, which can be difficult to achieve. Economic feasibility should always be considered before implementation.
**3. Vacuum Cleaning (Vacuum Dust Removal)**
In China’s grain warehouses, import/export operations, and processing facilities, dust generated during transit poses serious health and safety risks. Excessive dust can lead to explosions and harm both workers and property. Modern grain production demands cleaner environments, not only for product quality but also for worker safety and environmental protection.
Vacuum dust removal is an eco-friendly solution that improves workplace conditions, prevents dust from spreading, and reduces environmental pollution. It offers high collection efficiency, flexible setup, and reliable operation. By minimizing secondary pollution, it significantly reduces labor intensity and health risks associated with dust exposure.